This should be added

Purpose of the Project

Brief Summary

Basic Description of the Participants

The survey was conducted in April 2020, and 1020 responces were obtained. Of these 1020 respondents, 593 reporting owning pets (58.1%). Of the pet owners, 428 (72.2%) reported owning dogs, 371(62.6%) reported owning cats, 74(12.5%) reported owning horses, 87 (14.7%) reporting owning reptiles, 101 (17%) reporting owning small mammals, 139 (23.4%) reporting owning fish and 69(11.6%) reported owning other animals. 218 reported owning both cats and dogs.

library(xtable)
library(broom)
X <- summary(turk$age)
X <- tidy(X)
kable(X,
      align = "rrrrr",
      caption = "Summary characteritics for age.",
      digits = 0)
Summary characteritics for age.
minimum q1 median mean q3 maximum na
18 31 36 39 47 110 1 
mean_age<-round(X[4],0)
med_age<-round(X[3],0)
#col.names = c("min", "Quart1", "med", "mean", "Qurt 3", "max"),

The mean age of particiants was 39 and the median was 36.

Kessler responces for the participants

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel tired for no good reason?

Contingency table for Kessler 1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 93 139 121 64 9
Pets=Yes 109 187 180 99 18

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.16 0.14 1.12 0.26
Kessler1A little of the time 0.14 0.18 0.77 0.44
Kessler1Some of the time 0.24 0.18 1.30 0.19
Kessler1Mostof the time 0.28 0.21 1.30 0.19
Kessler1All of the time 0.53 0.43 1.24 0.22

"During the past two weeks, how often did you feel nervous?

Contingency Table for Kessler 2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 82 149 115 65 15
Pets=Yes 110 199 164 96 24

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.29 0.15 2.01 0.04
Kessler2A little of the time 0.00 0.18 -0.02 0.98
Kessler2Some of the time 0.06 0.19 0.32 0.75
Kessler2Mostof the time 0.10 0.22 0.44 0.66
Kessler2All of the time 0.18 0.36 0.49 0.62

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so nervous that nothing could calm you down??”

Contingency Table for Kessler 3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 239 89 60 29 9
Pets=Yes 314 139 86 43 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.27 0.09 3.18 0.00
Kessler3A little of the time 0.17 0.16 1.08 0.28
Kessler3Some of the time 0.09 0.19 0.46 0.64
Kessler3Mostof the time 0.12 0.26 0.47 0.64
Kessler3All of the time -0.07 0.46 -0.16 0.87

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel hopeless?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 4 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 183 121 66 47 9
Pets=Yes 267 145 102 60 19

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.38 0.10 3.94 0.00
Kessler4A little of the time -0.20 0.16 -1.26 0.21
Kessler4Some of the time 0.06 0.18 0.31 0.76
Kessler4Mostof the time -0.13 0.22 -0.62 0.54
Kessler4All of the time 0.37 0.42 0.89 0.37

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel restless or fidgety?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 5 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 120 145 110 42 9
Pets=Yes 149 191 163 73 17

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.22 0.12 1.76 0.08
Kessler5A little of the time 0.06 0.16 0.36 0.72
Kessler5Some of the time 0.18 0.17 1.02 0.31
Kessler5Mostof the time 0.34 0.23 1.47 0.14
Kessler5All of the time 0.42 0.43 0.98 0.33

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so restless that you could not sit still?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 6 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 216 111 51 41 7
Pets=Yes 292 146 94 46 15

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.30 0.09 3.36 0.00
Kessler6A little of the time -0.03 0.15 -0.18 0.86
Kessler6Some of the time 0.31 0.20 1.58 0.11
Kessler6Mostof the time -0.19 0.23 -0.80 0.42
Kessler6All of the time 0.46 0.47 0.99 0.32

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel depressed??”

Contingency Table for Kessler 7 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 169 129 68 41 19
Pets=Yes 222 161 112 67 31

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.27 0.10 2.67 0.01
Kessler7A little of the time -0.05 0.16 -0.33 0.74
Kessler7Some of the time 0.23 0.18 1.23 0.22
Kessler7Mostof the time 0.22 0.22 0.98 0.33
Kessler7All of the time 0.22 0.31 0.70 0.48

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so depressed that nothing could cheer you up?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 8 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 231 95 53 35 12
Pets=Yes 336 108 79 57 13

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.37 0.09 4.38 0.00
Kessler8A little of the time -0.25 0.16 -1.50 0.13
Kessler8Some of the time 0.02 0.20 0.12 0.90
Kessler8Mostof the time 0.11 0.23 0.49 0.62
Kessler8All of the time -0.29 0.41 -0.72 0.47

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel that everything was an effort?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 9 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 146 121 81 62 16
Pets=Yes 208 153 119 84 29

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.35 0.11 3.28 0.00
Kessler9A little of the time -0.12 0.16 -0.73 0.46
Kessler9Some of the time 0.03 0.18 0.17 0.86
Kessler9Mostof the time -0.05 0.20 -0.25 0.80
Kessler9All of the time 0.24 0.33 0.73 0.47

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel worthless?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 10 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 235 95 47 37 12
Pets=Yes 345 95 81 56 16

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.38 0.08 4.54 0.00
Kessler10A little of the time -0.38 0.17 -2.29 0.02
Kessler10Some of the time 0.16 0.20 0.79 0.43
Kessler10Mostof the time 0.03 0.23 0.13 0.89
Kessler10All of the time -0.10 0.39 -0.25 0.81

“During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by feeling nervous, anxious or on edge?”

Contingency Table for Gad1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 120 145 101 47 13
Pets=Yes 156 184 131 100 22

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.26 0.12 2.16 0.03
Gad1A little of the time -0.02 0.16 -0.15 0.88
Gad1Some of the time 0.00 0.18 -0.01 0.99
Gad1Mostof the time 0.49 0.21 2.30 0.02
Gad1All of the time 0.26 0.37 0.71 0.48

“During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by not being able to stop or control worrying?”

Contingency Table for Gad2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 192 98 75 43 18
Pets=Yes 260 137 96 76 24

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.30 0.10 3.19 0.00
Gad2A little of the time 0.03 0.16 0.20 0.85
Gad2Some of the time -0.06 0.18 -0.31 0.76
Gad2Mostof the time 0.27 0.21 1.25 0.21
Gad2All of the time -0.02 0.33 -0.05 0.96

During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by worrying too much about different things?

Contingency Table for Gad3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 141 123 86 58 18
Pets=Yes 182 170 122 93 26

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.26 0.11 2.28 0.02
Gad3A little of the time 0.07 0.16 0.42 0.68
Gad3Some of the time 0.09 0.18 0.52 0.60
Gad3Mostof the time 0.22 0.20 1.08 0.28
Gad3All of the time 0.11 0.33 0.34 0.73

During the past two weeks, how often have you had trouble relaxing?

Contingency Table for Gad4 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 127 127 104 53 15
Pets=Yes 163 181 148 80 21

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.25 0.12 2.11 0.03
Gad4A little of the time 0.10 0.17 0.63 0.53
Gad4Some of the time 0.10 0.17 0.59 0.55
Gad4Mostof the time 0.16 0.21 0.76 0.45
Gad4All of the time 0.09 0.36 0.24 0.81

During the past two weeks, how often have you had trouble relaxing?

Contingency Table for Gad5 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 214 100 74 29 9
Pets=Yes 281 155 88 53 16

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.27 0.09 3.00 0.00
Gad5A little of the time 0.17 0.16 1.06 0.29
Gad5Some of the time -0.10 0.18 -0.54 0.59
Gad5Mostof the time 0.33 0.25 1.33 0.18
Gad5All of the time 0.30 0.43 0.71 0.48

During the past two weeks, how often have you become easily annoyed or irritable??

Contingency Table for Gad6 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 130 138 98 51 9
Pets=Yes 148 188 161 69 27

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.13 0.12 1.08 0.28
Gad6A little of the time 0.18 0.16 1.09 0.27
Gad6Some of the time 0.37 0.18 2.09 0.04
Gad6Mostof the time 0.17 0.22 0.78 0.43
Gad6All of the time 0.97 0.40 2.40 0.02

During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by feeling afraid as if something awful might happen??

Contingency Table for Gad7 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 170 122 79 35 20
Pets=Yes 237 171 91 77 17

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.33 0.10 3.31 0.00
Gad7A little of the time 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.97
Gad7Some of the time -0.19 0.18 -1.04 0.30
Gad7Mostof the time 0.46 0.23 2.01 0.04
Gad7All of the time -0.49 0.34 -1.43 0.15

Paying attention?

Contingency Table for Q66 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 4 2 6 2 412
Pets=Yes 3 4 9 8 569

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel you lack companionship??

Contingency Table for Lonely1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 148 99 100 52 27
Pets=Yes 252 127 115 74 25

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.53 0.10 5.14 0.00
Lonely1A little of the time -0.28 0.17 -1.67 0.09
Lonely1Some of the time -0.39 0.17 -2.29 0.02
Lonely1Mostof the time -0.18 0.21 -0.86 0.39
Lonely1All of the time -0.61 0.30 -2.06 0.04

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel left out??

Contingency Table for Lonely2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 190 97 79 43 17
Pets=Yes 296 118 103 61 15

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.59 0.13 4.47 0.00
Lonely1 -0.12 0.05 -2.26 0.02

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel isolated from others?

Contingency Table for Lonely3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 91 94 123 85 33
Pets=Yes 144 126 143 131 49

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.46 0.13 3.43 0.00
Lonely3A little of the time -0.17 0.19 -0.87 0.39
Lonely3Some of the time -0.31 0.18 -1.70 0.09
Lonely3Mostof the time -0.03 0.19 -0.14 0.89
Lonely3All of the time -0.06 0.26 -0.24 0.81

Risk questions

RISK 1: In your opinion, how likely is it that you will contract COVID-19? ?

Contingency Table for Risk1 responces and Pet Ownership
Extremely unlikely Moderately unlikely Slightly unlikely Neither likely nor unlikely Slightly likely Moderately likely Extremely likely
Pets=No 60 99 79 69 71 34 14
Pets=Yes 56 135 88 111 127 66 10

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.07 0.19 -0.37 0.71
Risk1Moderately unlikely 0.38 0.23 1.66 0.10
Risk1Slightly unlikely 0.18 0.24 0.73 0.46
Risk1Neither likely nor unlikely 0.54 0.24 2.26 0.02
Risk1Slightly likely 0.65 0.24 2.74 0.01
Risk1Moderately likely 0.73 0.28 2.60 0.01
Risk1Extremely likely -0.27 0.45 -0.59 0.56

RISK 2: How serious do you think COVID-19 would be if you contracted it? ?

Contingency Table for Risk2 responces and Pet Ownership
Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
Pets=No 36 113 127 97 53
Pets=Yes 45 139 181 150 78

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.22 0.22 1.00 0.32
Risk2Slightly -0.02 0.26 -0.06 0.95
Risk2Moderately 0.13 0.25 0.52 0.60
Risk2Very 0.21 0.26 0.82 0.41
Risk2Extremely 0.16 0.29 0.57 0.57

RISK 3: How concerned are you about the COVID-19?? ?

Contingency Table for Risk3 responces and Pet Ownership
Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
Pets=No 20 74 109 129 94
Pets=Yes 33 92 148 189 131

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.50 0.28 1.77 0.08
Risk3Slightly -0.28 0.32 -0.87 0.38
Risk3Moderately -0.19 0.31 -0.63 0.53
Risk3Very -0.12 0.31 -0.39 0.70
Risk3Extremely -0.17 0.31 -0.54 0.59

Pets2: How long have you had this animal? ?

Contingency Table for length of ownership
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
<1 month 13 5 2 1 0 0 0 0
1-12 month 48 29 1 2 0 0 4 0
more than 12 months 284 187 1 8 6 1 1 0

Compliance: How long have you had this animal?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Quarantine Compliance
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 232 171 0 9 5 1 2 0
Yes 113 50 4 2 1 0 3 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.72 0.11 -6.27 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.51 0.20 -2.58 0.01
MostAttachHorse 16.29 727.70 0.02 0.98
MostAttachBird -0.78 0.79 -0.99 0.32
MostAttachReptile -0.89 1.10 -0.81 0.42
MostAttachSmall Mammal -14.85 1455.40 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 1.12 0.92 1.22 0.22

Interact: Has COVID-19 affected your normal activities and interactions with your pet/companion animal(s)?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Interaction
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 232 171 0 9 5 1 2 0
Yes 113 50 4 2 1 0 3 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.39 0.11 -3.58 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.48 0.18 -2.62 0.01
MostAttachHorse 0.39 1.01 0.39 0.70
MostAttachBird -1.11 0.79 -1.41 0.16
MostAttachReptile -15.17 594.16 -0.03 0.98
MostAttachSmall Mammal -15.17 1455.40 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 0.80 0.92 0.87 0.38

Plans: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, have you made plans for caring for your pet/companion animal(s) should you become sick and unable to care for them?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Plans
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 232 171 0 9 5 1 2 0
Yes 113 50 4 2 1 0 3 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.77 0.12 -6.67 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.31 0.19 -1.59 0.11
MostAttachHorse 16.34 727.70 0.02 0.98
MostAttachBird -0.73 0.79 -0.93 0.35
MostAttachReptile -0.84 1.10 -0.76 0.45
MostAttachSmall Mammal -14.79 1455.40 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 0.37 0.92 0.40 0.69

Concern: Overall, how concerned are you about your ability to care for your pets/companion animal(s)?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Concerns
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 232 171 0 9 5 1 2 0
Yes 113 50 4 2 1 0 3 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.15 0.11 -1.34 0.18
MostAttachCat -0.17 0.17 -1.00 0.32
MostAttachHorse 1.24 1.16 1.07 0.28
MostAttachBird 1.13 0.69 1.64 0.10
MostAttachReptile 0.15 0.82 0.18 0.86
MostAttachSmall Mammal -13.42 535.41 -0.03 0.98
MostAttachFish 0.55 0.92 0.60 0.55

CCAS1: My pet/animal provides me with companionship?

CCAS1: My pet/animal provides me with companionship?
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Strongly disagree 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Disagree 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somewhat disagree 3 3 2 1 1 0 1 0
Neither agree nor disagree 13 9 0 1 2 0 0 0
Somewhat agree 27 31 1 2 0 1 1 0
Agree 147 79 0 5 3 0 2 0
Strongly agree 152 97 1 2 0 0 1 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 5.84 1.00 5.83 0
MostAttachCat 16.73 3242.02 0.01 1
MostAttachHorse 16.73 24098.07 0.00 1
MostAttachBird 16.73 14531.68 0.00 1
MostAttachReptile 16.73 19675.99 0.00 1
MostAttachSmall Mammal 16.73 48196.14 0.00 1
MostAttachFish 16.73 21553.97 0.00 1

CCAS2: Having a pet/animal gives me something to care for?

CCAS2: Having a pet/animal gives me something to care for
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Strongly disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Disagree 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somewhat disagree 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Neither agree nor disagree 17 8 2 0 1 0 0 0
Somewhat agree 52 30 0 3 0 1 0 0
Agree 119 77 0 4 2 0 3 0
Strongly agree 149 102 2 4 3 0 2 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 4.74 0.58 8.17 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.04 0.92 -0.04 0.96
MostAttachHorse 14.83 5377.01 0.00 1.00
MostAttachBird 14.83 3242.46 0.00 1.00
MostAttachReptile 14.83 4390.31 0.00 1.00
MostAttachSmall Mammal 14.83 10754.01 0.00 1.00
MostAttachFish 14.83 4809.34 0.00 1.00

{Wave 2 specific questions}

turk2 <- read_excel(“2020-5-6 COVID_Raw_Data.xlsx”)

{Basic Description of the Participants}

The survey was conducted in April 2020, and 827 responces were obtained. Of these 827 respondents, 484 reporting owning pets (58.5%). Of the pet owners, 346 (71.5%) reported owning dogs, 291(60.1%) reported owning cats, 46(9.5%) reported owning horses, 60 (12.4%) reporting owning reptiles, 67 (13.8%) reporting owning small mammals, 94 (19.4%) reporting owning fish and 34(7%) reported owning other animals. 162 reported owning both cats and dogs.

library(xtable)
library(broom)
X <- summary(turk2$age)
X <- tidy(X)
kable(X,
      align = "rrrrr",
      caption = "Summary characteritics for age.",
      digits = 0)
Summary characteritics for age.
minimum q1 median mean q3 maximum
20 31 37 40 47 76 
mean_age<-round(X[4],0)
med_age<-round(X[3],0)
#col.names = c("min", "Quart1", "med", "mean", "Qurt 3", "max"),

The mean age of particiants was 40 and the median was 37.

Kessler responces for the participants

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel tired for no good reason?

Contingency table for Kessler 1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 94 115 83 47 4
Pets=Yes 124 164 127 59 10

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.28 0.14 2.03 0.04
Kessler1A little of the time 0.08 0.18 0.43 0.67
Kessler1Some of the time 0.15 0.20 0.75 0.45
Kessler1Mostof the time -0.05 0.24 -0.21 0.84
Kessler1All of the time 0.64 0.61 1.05 0.29

"During the past two weeks, how often did you feel nervous?

Contingency Table for Kessler 2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 94 114 94 32 9
Pets=Yes 114 173 124 60 13

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.19 0.14 1.38 0.17
Kessler2A little of the time 0.22 0.18 1.22 0.22
Kessler2Some of the time 0.08 0.20 0.43 0.67
Kessler2Mostof the time 0.44 0.26 1.68 0.09
Kessler2All of the time 0.17 0.46 0.38 0.70

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so nervous that nothing could calm you down??”

Contingency Table for Kessler 3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 204 63 50 19 7
Pets=Yes 280 111 51 38 4

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.32 0.09 3.44 0.00
Kessler3A little of the time 0.25 0.18 1.37 0.17
Kessler3Some of the time -0.30 0.22 -1.35 0.18
Kessler3Mostof the time 0.38 0.30 1.27 0.20
Kessler3All of the time -0.88 0.63 -1.38 0.17

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel hopeless?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 4 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 179 77 45 31 11
Pets=Yes 252 118 62 46 6

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.34 0.10 3.50 0.00
Kessler4A little of the time 0.08 0.18 0.48 0.63
Kessler4Some of the time -0.02 0.22 -0.10 0.92
Kessler4Mostof the time 0.05 0.25 0.21 0.83
Kessler4All of the time -0.95 0.52 -1.83 0.07

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel restless or fidgety?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 5 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 118 118 74 28 5
Pets=Yes 140 177 106 54 7

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.17 0.12 1.37 0.17
Kessler5A little of the time 0.23 0.17 1.36 0.17
Kessler5Some of the time 0.19 0.20 0.96 0.34
Kessler5Mostof the time 0.49 0.26 1.84 0.07
Kessler5All of the time 0.17 0.60 0.28 0.78

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so restless that you could not sit still?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 6 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 197 83 41 17 5
Pets=Yes 264 129 55 26 10

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.29 0.09 3.11 0.00
Kessler6A little of the time 0.15 0.17 0.88 0.38
Kessler6Some of the time 0.00 0.23 0.00 1.00
Kessler6Mostof the time 0.13 0.33 0.41 0.69
Kessler6All of the time 0.40 0.56 0.72 0.47

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel depressed??”

Contingency Table for Kessler 7 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 162 88 51 30 12
Pets=Yes 217 126 91 39 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.29 0.10 2.82 0.00
Kessler7A little of the time 0.07 0.17 0.38 0.70
Kessler7Some of the time 0.29 0.20 1.41 0.16
Kessler7Mostof the time -0.03 0.26 -0.11 0.91
Kessler7All of the time -0.38 0.43 -0.88 0.38

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel so depressed that nothing could cheer you up?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 8 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 217 56 38 23 9
Pets=Yes 303 86 53 33 9

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.33 0.09 3.75 0.00
Kessler8A little of the time 0.10 0.19 0.49 0.62
Kessler8Some of the time 0.00 0.23 0.00 1.00
Kessler8Mostof the time 0.03 0.29 0.10 0.92
Kessler8All of the time -0.33 0.48 -0.70 0.49

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel that everything was an effort?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 9 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 139 93 61 38 12
Pets=Yes 192 125 101 50 16

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.32 0.11 2.90 0.00
Kessler9A little of the time -0.03 0.18 -0.15 0.88
Kessler9Some of the time 0.18 0.20 0.92 0.36
Kessler9Mostof the time -0.05 0.24 -0.20 0.84
Kessler9All of the time -0.04 0.40 -0.09 0.93

“During the past two weeks, how often did you feel worthless?”

Contingency Table for Kessler 10 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 219 57 30 25 12
Pets=Yes 310 67 61 35 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.35 0.09 3.94 0.00
Kessler10A little of the time -0.19 0.20 -0.93 0.35
Kessler10Some of the time 0.36 0.24 1.51 0.13
Kessler10Mostof the time -0.01 0.28 -0.04 0.97
Kessler10All of the time -0.43 0.43 -1.02 0.31

“During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by feeling nervous, anxious or on edge?”

Contingency Table for Gad1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 121 101 79 35 7
Pets=Yes 137 167 110 57 13

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.12 0.12 1.00 0.32
Gad1A little of the time 0.38 0.18 2.14 0.03
Gad1Some of the time 0.21 0.19 1.07 0.28
Gad1Mostof the time 0.36 0.25 1.46 0.14
Gad1All of the time 0.49 0.49 1.02 0.31

“During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by not being able to stop or control worrying?”

Contingency Table for Gad2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 180 72 48 29 14
Pets=Yes 244 100 79 45 16

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.30 0.10 3.10 0.00
Gad2A little of the time 0.02 0.18 0.13 0.89
Gad2Some of the time 0.19 0.21 0.93 0.35
Gad2Mostof the time 0.14 0.26 0.52 0.60
Gad2All of the time -0.17 0.38 -0.45 0.65

During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by worrying too much about different things?

Contingency Table for Gad3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 137 90 67 37 12
Pets=Yes 182 141 79 69 13

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.28 0.11 2.51 0.01
Gad3A little of the time 0.16 0.18 0.94 0.35
Gad3Some of the time -0.12 0.20 -0.59 0.55
Gad3Mostof the time 0.34 0.23 1.46 0.15
Gad3All of the time -0.20 0.42 -0.49 0.62

During the past two weeks, how often have you had trouble relaxing?

Contingency Table for Gad4 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 122 95 85 32 9
Pets=Yes 158 160 108 47 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.26 0.12 2.15 0.03
Gad4A little of the time 0.26 0.18 1.48 0.14
Gad4Some of the time -0.02 0.19 -0.10 0.92
Gad4Mostof the time 0.13 0.26 0.49 0.63
Gad4All of the time -0.06 0.47 -0.12 0.90

During the past two weeks, how often have you had trouble relaxing?

Contingency Table for Gad5 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 190 82 40 25 6
Pets=Yes 250 111 75 37 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.27 0.10 2.85 0.00
Gad5A little of the time 0.03 0.17 0.16 0.87
Gad5Some of the time 0.35 0.22 1.62 0.10
Gad5Mostof the time 0.12 0.28 0.43 0.67
Gad5All of the time 0.33 0.52 0.64 0.52

During the past two weeks, how often have you become easily annoyed or irritable??

Contingency Table for Gad6 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 102 108 82 36 15
Pets=Yes 140 162 121 48 13

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.32 0.13 2.43 0.01
Gad6A little of the time 0.09 0.18 0.49 0.62
Gad6Some of the time 0.07 0.19 0.37 0.71
Gad6Mostof the time -0.03 0.26 -0.11 0.91
Gad6All of the time -0.46 0.40 -1.15 0.25

During the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by feeling afraid as if something awful might happen??

Contingency Table for Gad7 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 165 87 47 30 14
Pets=Yes 226 119 82 46 11

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.31 0.10 3.07 0.00
Gad7A little of the time 0.00 0.17 -0.01 0.99
Gad7Some of the time 0.24 0.21 1.15 0.25
Gad7Mostof the time 0.11 0.26 0.44 0.66
Gad7All of the time -0.56 0.42 -1.34 0.18

Paying attention?

Contingency Table for Q66 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 3 1 4 2 333
Pets=Yes 1 3 9 9 462

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel you lack companionship??

Contingency Table for Lonely1 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 144 82 63 36 18
Pets=Yes 221 100 85 59 19

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.43 0.11 4.00 0.00
Lonely1A little of the time -0.23 0.18 -1.25 0.21
Lonely1Some of the time -0.13 0.20 -0.65 0.51
Lonely1Mostof the time 0.07 0.24 0.28 0.78
Lonely1All of the time -0.37 0.35 -1.08 0.28

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel left out??

Contingency Table for Lonely2 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 162 76 62 30 13
Pets=Yes 247 99 77 45 16

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.42 0.14 2.95 0.00
Lonely1 -0.03 0.06 -0.59 0.55

During the past two weeks, how often did you feel isolated from others?

Contingency Table for Lonely3 responces and Pet Ownership
None of the time A little of the time Some of the time Mostof the time All of the time
Pets=No 96 84 77 63 23
Pets=Yes 144 109 114 88 29

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.41 0.13 3.08 0.00
Lonely3A little of the time -0.14 0.20 -0.74 0.46
Lonely3Some of the time -0.01 0.20 -0.07 0.95
Lonely3Mostof the time -0.07 0.21 -0.34 0.74
Lonely3All of the time -0.17 0.31 -0.56 0.57

Risk questions

RISK 1: In your opinion, how likely is it that you will contract COVID-19? ?

Contingency Table for Risk1 responces and Pet Ownership
Extremely unlikely Moderately unlikely Slightly unlikely Neither likely nor unlikely Slightly likely Moderately likely Extremely likely
Pets=No 59 85 53 50 64 26 6
Pets=Yes 48 115 81 91 92 47 10

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.21 0.19 -1.06 0.29
Risk1Moderately unlikely 0.51 0.24 2.11 0.04
Risk1Slightly unlikely 0.63 0.26 2.40 0.02
Risk1Neither likely nor unlikely 0.81 0.26 3.07 0.00
Risk1Slightly likely 0.57 0.25 2.25 0.02
Risk1Moderately likely 0.80 0.31 2.56 0.01
Risk1Extremely likely 0.72 0.55 1.30 0.19

RISK 2: How serious do you think COVID-19 would be if you contracted it? ?

Contingency Table for Risk2 responces and Pet Ownership
Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
Pets=No 40 85 107 74 37
Pets=Yes 34 132 165 106 47

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.16 0.23 -0.70 0.49
Risk2Slightly 0.60 0.27 2.22 0.03
Risk2Moderately 0.60 0.26 2.25 0.02
Risk2Very 0.52 0.28 1.88 0.06
Risk2Extremely 0.40 0.32 1.25 0.21

RISK 3: How concerned are you about the COVID-19?? ?

Contingency Table for Risk3 responces and Pet Ownership
Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
Pets=No 28 67 92 100 56
Pets=Yes 28 101 138 134 83

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.00 0.27 0.00 1.00
Risk3Slightly 0.41 0.31 1.32 0.19
Risk3Moderately 0.41 0.30 1.35 0.18
Risk3Very 0.29 0.30 0.98 0.33
Risk3Extremely 0.39 0.32 1.24 0.22

Pets2: How long have you had this animal? ?

Contingency Table for length of ownership
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
<1 month 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1-12 month 44 20 1 0 1 0 1 0
more than 12 months 232 158 1 6 4 2 1 1

Compliance: How long have you had this animal?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Quarantine Compliance
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 183 144 1 6 4 2 0 2
Yes 104 34 1 0 1 0 2 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.57 0.12 -4.60 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.88 0.23 -3.87 0.00
MostAttachHorse 0.57 1.42 0.40 0.69
MostAttachBird -16.00 979.61 -0.02 0.99
MostAttachReptile -0.82 1.12 -0.73 0.47
MostAttachSmall Mammal -16.00 1696.73 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 17.13 1696.73 0.01 0.99
MostAttachOther -16.00 1696.73 -0.01 0.99

Interact: Has COVID-19 affected your normal activities and interactions with your pet/companion animal(s)?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Interaction
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 178 129 1 4 5 2 1 2
Yes 109 49 1 2 0 0 1 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.49 0.12 -4.03 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.48 0.21 -2.30 0.02
MostAttachHorse 0.49 1.42 0.35 0.73
MostAttachBird -0.20 0.87 -0.23 0.82
MostAttachReptile -15.08 650.87 -0.02 0.98
MostAttachSmall Mammal -15.08 1029.12 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 0.49 1.42 0.35 0.73
MostAttachOther -15.08 1029.12 -0.01 0.99

Plans: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, have you made plans for caring for your pet/companion animal(s) should you become sick and unable to care for them?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Plans
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 190 150 1 3 5 2 1 2
Yes 97 28 1 3 0 0 1 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.67 0.12 -5.39 0.00
MostAttachCat -1.01 0.24 -4.18 0.00
MostAttachHorse 0.67 1.42 0.47 0.64
MostAttachBird 0.67 0.83 0.81 0.42
MostAttachReptile -15.89 1073.11 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachSmall Mammal -15.89 1696.73 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish 0.67 1.42 0.47 0.64
MostAttachOther -15.89 1696.73 -0.01 0.99

Concern: Overall, how concerned are you about your ability to care for your pets/companion animal(s)?

Contingency Table for All Pets and Concerns
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Not at all concerned 152 108 1 1 2 1 1 2
A little concerned 49 35 0 1 2 0 1 0
Moderately concerened 44 12 1 3 1 1 0 0
Very concerned 28 16 0 1 0 0 0 0
Extremely concerned 14 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.12 0.12 -1.00 0.32
MostAttachCat -0.32 0.19 -1.63 0.10
MostAttachHorse 0.12 1.42 0.08 0.93
MostAttachBird 1.73 1.10 1.57 0.12
MostAttachReptile 0.52 0.92 0.57 0.57
MostAttachSmall Mammal 0.12 1.42 0.08 0.93
MostAttachFish 0.12 1.42 0.08 0.93
MostAttachOther -14.45 624.19 -0.02 0.98

NonVetService: In the past 12 months have you used an animal care service that does NOT normally require a veterinarian?

Contingency Table for NonVetService
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 193 159 1 5 5 2 2 2
Yes 94 19 1 1 0 0 0 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -0.72 0.13 -5.72 0.00
MostAttachCat -1.41 0.27 -5.14 0.00
MostAttachHorse 0.72 1.42 0.51 0.61
MostAttachBird -0.89 1.10 -0.81 0.42
MostAttachReptile -15.85 1073.11 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachSmall Mammal -15.85 1696.73 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachFish -15.85 1696.73 -0.01 0.99
MostAttachOther -15.85 1696.73 -0.01 0.99

NonVetLessFreq : In the past 12 months have you used an animal care service that does NOT normally require a veterinarian?

Contingency Table for NonVetLessFreq
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
No 33 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yes 61 14 1 1 0 0 0 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.61 0.22 2.84 0.00
MostAttachCat 0.42 0.56 0.74 0.46
MostAttachHorse 14.95 1455.40 0.01 0.99
MostAttachBird 14.95 1455.40 0.01 0.99

WhyNonVetLessFreq : Which of the following best describes why you are using these services less frequently?

##          Dog          Cat        Horse         Bird      Reptile 
##          287          178            2            6            5 
## Small Mammal         Fish        Other         NA's 
##            2            2            2          343
Contingency Table for WhyNonVetLessFreq
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Concerned about exposure 17 4 0 1 0 0 0 0
Concerned about pets exposure 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Following public health message 18 6 1 0 0 0 0 0
Can’t afford now 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Too busy doing other things 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Services unavailable 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 0.95 0.29 3.33 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.03 0.66 -0.05 0.96
MostAttachHorse 15.62 2399.54 0.01 0.99
MostAttachBird -17.52 2399.54 -0.01 0.99
### Pet attachemen t

CCAS1: My pet/animal provides me with companionship?

CCAS1: My pet/animal provides me with companionship?
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Strongly disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Disagree 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 0
Somewhat disagree 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Neither agree nor disagree 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 1
Somewhat agree 30 20 0 1 2 0 0 0
Agree 104 63 2 4 0 0 2 0
Strongly agree 140 90 0 1 0 1 0 1

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 5.66 1.00 5.65 0.00
MostAttachCat -0.48 1.42 -0.34 0.73
MostAttachHorse 13.91 7604.24 0.00 1.00
MostAttachBird 13.91 4390.31 0.00 1.00
MostAttachReptile -6.06 1.36 -4.47 0.00
MostAttachSmall Mammal -5.66 1.73 -3.26 0.00
MostAttachFish 13.91 7604.24 0.00 1.00
MostAttachOther 13.91 7604.24 0.00 1.00

CCAS2: Having a pet/animal gives me something to care for?

CCAS2: Having a pet/animal gives me something to care for
Dog Cat Horse Bird Reptile Small Mammal Fish Other
Strongly disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Disagree 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Somewhat disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Neither agree nor disagree 19 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somewhat agree 37 20 0 0 0 0 0 1
Agree 120 58 1 5 2 0 1 0
Strongly agree 111 90 1 1 3 1 1 1

Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) 23.57 4690.49 0.01 1
MostAttachCat -18.39 4690.49 0.00 1
MostAttachHorse 0.00 56383.57 0.00 1
MostAttachBird 0.00 32777.58 0.00 1
MostAttachReptile 0.00 35844.71 0.00 1
MostAttachSmall Mammal -23.57 4690.49 -0.01 1
MostAttachFish 0.00 56383.55 0.00 1
MostAttachOther 0.00 56383.57 0.00 1